which softwares can I self host without public IP?

Anything. You don't need any services to be public unless you choose for them to be.

actually I was thinking about hosting my own fediverse service to own my data but I can't do that without a static public IP and domain name.
- As long as you're not behind CGNAT, you can use a dynamic DNS provider (like duckdns.org) and its web API to keep a record pointed at your IP. If you're behind CGNAT, Tailscale also has a service (Tailscale Funnel) that can expose an internal service to the internet.
  
  You could also pay for a small VPS with a static IP, and set up a Wireguard tunnel to your home server and an HTTPS proxy to forward traffic through the tunnel.
  
  Also, just in general, use Tailscale. It's serious black magic fuckery on the firewall.
- @whoareu cloudflare tunnel can easily help you do that. the only limitation is your domain will need to be from cloudflare. It works well, I am hosting an instance without any public IP and without exposing any ports.
- You actually want a cloudfare tunnel if youre going to do that. It protects your real IP. Hosting a fediverse instance will draw attention to your real IP eventually otherwise.

Basically everything. Self hosting doesn't rely on public access.

Self host all your stuff and use tailscale if you just want to provide private services to yourself

Put everything behind Tailscale or another VPN and use it that way from outside devices. There should be very little need to have a public IP, and if there's something that has to be exposed, use ngrok, cloudflared or Tailscale Funnel.

Rent a VPN, setup a wire guard tunnel and fuck your ISP!

Anyway having a real public IP on a residential block is basically impossible anywhere but in the USA, I guess.

Public IPV4 here. It's not static, but very rarely rotates. DDNS ftw.

Telus Residential in Canada.
Straya. I have a static ip. Costs like 5$ a month
- North America?
CGNAT blows, but easy to workaround w/ a $5/mo VPS.

I just use a DDNS updater. That's honestly good enough for most purposes.

Alternatively, you could use a service like Zerotier, Tailscale or Netbird to create a virtual private LAN connection to a free Oracle VPS, then route the traffic from the VPN to your home network.

Tailscale or Cloudflare will solve your problems.

As someone in a similar situation I'd recommend using a free tier oracle vps with a wireguard tunnel to connect to you services. Effectively just using the vps as a proxy for your own network. Here's a guide that should work for your purposes https://github.com/mochman/Bypass_CGNAT

Oracle deletes servers with no warning and for no reason. I wouldn’t use them

Literally anything you want. You don’t need a static IP, any dynamic IP with a software updater will work. For example, I have some public sites proxied through Cloudflare, and I use the DDNS updater for Docker that keeps my DNS correct.

The ISP is blocking his ports too, it seems.
- That’s an odd thing to see these days. I didn’t know ISPs still did that. I bet they offer a more expensive tier for businesses is why.
- Should check which ports.
  
  Mine blocks 80 inbound and 25 outbound, but everything else I've tried works. (so no default http, and no outbound email)
  
  I only really want 443 for simplicity, everything else can be random ports.

nearly everything, you don't need a static ip to selfhost, look up DDNS :>

You also could just do lan
- You could, but for many of us, the point of having access to our services is to have access from anywhere :-)
- Yup, everything in my setup is primarily used in my house. The only reason anything is publicly accessible is so I can show it off occasionally.

You can use Tailscale, you can access your personal services with it but also expose public services with their Funnels system.

Keep in mind that while the clients are open source, their servers are running proprietary software.

I started using headscale (the opensource reimplementation of tailscale server) on a private vps. It is incredibly better compared to plain wireguard. I regret waiting so much before switching.

Something that really made my life easier: wireguard is poor at roaming: switching to and from my wifi created issues because the server wasn't reachable anymore from its public ip and wireguard didn't bother to query the DNS again to check the new IP. Also, configuration is dead simple because it takes care of iptables for you (especially good when you enables forwarding to a node).

Since the server just sends small messages for the control plane and all the traffic is p2p between the devices, the smallest vps with the smaller connectivity is more than enough to handle it.

If this is just for personal use, I'd see if you can put their router in modem mode and go get a better router, then I'd just use tail-scale or WireGuard.

tailscale is looking good I might try that
- It's amazing additionally you can run Mullvad through it that might solve your public IP issues but I only run my services for me and my house

I mean you can host anything. It's just not reachable from the outside. And Fediverse or anything that gets data pushed in, won't work. The common method to handle all of this is to use some tunnelling solution.

You can self host anything like this, all you need is buying a domain and set something up like DynDNS which updates the entry of the domain with your new IPv4 as soon as it changes.

I would recommend to not open your services to public, but set up a wireguard (or other VPN) endpoint in your home, which you then use to access all your services.

I think, an alternative to that would be some servicees from tailscale or cloudflare, I suppose

The best way would be to use a VPS to proxy your traffic to you. You can achieve this for pretty cheap, just set up an wireguard tunnel to a cheap VPS. That's exactly how I access all my services from outside my home. As long as the VPS has a publicly accessible IP (most of them do), you being behind CGNAT should not be an issue.

This is the way OP

my current ISP refuses to provide me a static IP

So then use dynamic dns? HurricaneElectric offers DynDNS now and it's great. You can update it right over curl if you want. I have it mapped to a cli function;

~\downloads
❯ ddns
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate
Content-Length: 18
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 09:24:18 GMT
Email: DNS Administrator <dnsadmin@he.net>
Expires: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 09:24:18 GMT
Server: dns.he.net v0.0.1

nochg {ip}

It's not only not static It's firewalled too! I can't ping it from outside the network
- Oh, damn. Not much you can do then. You may be eventually be able to get something outrageously complicated to work, but honestly it's just plain not worth it. Just get a cheap VPS.
  
  Best you could do is a forward server with tailscale and a reverse_proxy, but I've never had any real luck getting that type of setup to work reliably.
- Did you configure NAT to the service(s) and/or DMZ to your internal server in your ISP’s router?
  
  Not allowing even ping seems like it is against any sane networking configuration.
- You don't want to expose services to the internet

I just have a script that checks my IP every few minutes and changes the DNS record as necessary

Use Cloudflare's free tier tunnel

They'll shut it down if you send more than a few megabytes down that tunnel. It's ok if you just need a connection (for ssh and stuff) but anything that generates a lot of traffic will be blocked.
- I haven’t checked the ToS in a while but last I checked it was 50mb upload limit for the free tier and a loosely policed no video streaming. And they don’t shut you down if you send files larger than 50mb, the upload just fails. I served over 8 million requests through the free tier last month.

I believe duckdns has a tool that checks your public ip on a schedule to update your subdomain. (Which they provide for free last I checked)

That would solve not having a static IP, not solving having no port forward right?
- You usually only need to specify the internal host ip to setup a port forward. It should forward that to whatever the public ip is at the time.
  
  If the isp is providing the model/router and generally being oppressive i highly recommend researching if you can place your own router behind it.

Use VPN or DDNS connected to your domain registrar. Of course DDNS might not update immediately, especially if your domain host is not the same as your DNS provider, so you might have outages for short periods when your IP changes. So, depends on if you're OK with that or what kind of connection you have and whether it changes your IP a lot.

Also, might be able to get an IPv6 address for free depending on your ISP or at least you can set up your router to request that your address block is retained for you. I know Comcast does this. Unfortunately, my ISP does not.

Anything

I use cloudflare / cloudflared agent to provide features hosted locally

Look:

you can buy any VPS server or use free VM in Amazon cloud
then connect your home PC to this VPS with VPN tunnel After that you have public IP address (on VPS) linked with you home server.
configure VPS for pass through incoming ports to you home server After that you can host anything for anyone in v4 or v6 internet.

Just make sure you secure everything

I use a cheap VPS and connect all my relevant devices to it via a VPN (aldo self hosted w/ wireguard). It's $5/month and does the job.

Why do you need to expose a service publicly?

Why do you need to make a question questioning OP needs, when he is looking for a solution to a problem?
- Because of the XY problem. The problem OP is stating may not actually be the source of the issues OP is experiencing.
  
  Finding out what OP is trying to do will better inform a solution and may make the stated problem irrelevant.
- Because too often people are asking for a solution to the wrong problem. I can tell how to setup a car to drive from the Hawaii to Iceland, but odds are that is not your actual goal. (most often the correct answer is fly to iceland and rent a car, or perhaps just public transit in iceland. You can also put your car on a ship. It is possible to modify a car to drive on the ocean if that is really what you want to do)
- Because they are trying to blow off there own foot.

softwares

That's like 'traffics' and 'manies' and 'mails', right?

They don't seem to realize that you can run whatever software you want internally.