I've posted with this issue before, but I was never able to resolve it. I gave up for a while, but now I'm back and decided to try Mint because of its reputation of being easy to use.
Basically, across Ubuntu, Arch, Manjaro, Debian, Fedora, and now Mint I was only able to get the proprietary NVIDIA drivers to work for a few hours after which I start to experience freezes and crashes more and more frequently (often before or right after the log in screen). Bazzite worked for the longest period of time, but once the crashes and freezes started, it didn't stop no matter what I did, even a fresh install with a brand new usb.
What typically happens is everything but the mouse will either get super choppy then freeze or just outright freeze, often with a bunch of artifacting that looks like either X's or space invaders all over either a window or the whole screen. It always requires a hard restart and the longer I wait before turning it back on, the longer I tend to have before it does it again.
Switching back to nouveau (when I was able to) worked on Debian, Fedora, and Mint, but PoE2 in early access and Shadow of the Erdtree on my backlog I really would like to be able to play video games, so it's not immensely helpful.
So far with Mint I have tried all three drivers in the manager (550, 535, and 470). 470 didn't seem to work and 535 and 550 both worked for a few minutes before starting to freeze and crash. I also tried the 550 open drivers, which gave me the phantom monitor issue and refused to pick up my second monitor at all. I blacklisted nouveau, which made the phantom monitor issue persist with the normal 550 driver, too and didn't fix the main issue anyway. I am now back at square one with nouveau again.
If I am understanding that output, your bios is 5 years old and there are a LOT of updates since. If that is correct I'd try updating as bios updates fix things like PCIe compatibility which were released after that date.
I had some time and updated my bios, then switched over to the 550 driver from the driver manager and upon restart I had the phantom monitor issue which seems to have been fixed by following this post. its only been a few minutes and I haven't done anything with it yet, so I will update if any more issues come up but I'm feeling hopeful.
Edit: literally the second after posting this reply I got a freeze trying to open steam...
I can't tell from that output if you are using wayland or X11. If it is wayland I'd try X11 as the drivers before 555(?) don't work as well and some compositors may be more unstable with the nvidia drivers.
I'd also try checking the logs as well. 'journalctl -b -1 -xe' to show the prior boot.
I managed to check the output of that command and switch back to nouveau before it froze this time. The mouse is still operable but you can see the artifacting I've been getting. It looks like I am on x11 as my three options at start are Cinnamon (Default), Cinnamon (Software Rendering), and Cinnamon on Wayland (Experimental). I am about to try Wayland just to see.
On top of the thermal paste idea, try doing a ram test. Could also try adding "nvidia_drm.modeset=0" to your kernel commandline or add "options nvidia-drm modeset=0" in /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf. It might have that set to 1 somewhere.
There may be more in the logs as well. Are you able to test in windows? Maybe the gpu is failing as well.
I reinstalled the 550 driver and added that line in nvidia.conf. I will restart and see how it goes. I suppose I could set up a temporary dual boot and test it in windows. This all started as soon as I first started trying to get linux working on this pc, though. Prior to that it had been running windows since I got it. The temperature readings all seem fine, too. That being said I think the next thing I try is to replace the thermal paste and if that doesn't work I'll dig up my windows installation media and see how that goes. Someone in a previous thread suggested my psu might be going out, which would make sense because its the only original part other than the cd drive at this point, so I think that might be my next try if nothing free works.
Edit: I got a black screen on the first restart, got to log in and then went to a black screen with a working cursor on the second and third restarts, then it seemed to be working fine, until mostly everything went black except some of spotify and keepass and white squares were flashing everywhere for about 30 seconds and then it stopped. Everything is working as normal now for the time being.
Edit 2: Just played Elden ring for a few minutes, the game crashed pretty quickly, but not immediately and nothing else crashed. Still planning to do the memtest at next full crash.
Edit3: had a hard freeze and ran the memtest when I had to restart. It passed.