uhm, well you can't primarily because android is a hot mess (quick note: this is mostly me ranting about the hell that android is for no fucking reason)
First of all, android only supports MDNS since android 12 and newer, MANY years after the standard was even finalized and put into use. (like a concerning amount) And yes, you can technically use that networking on a per app level (since android 6 or 8 i think), if it's implemented, but most apps don't because they're android apps. And the ones that do are basically useless (very cool thanks android)
Ignoring this, let's say that you have a samba server, and have a local DNS config setup to get around the MDNS bullshit. Oops, funny story, android doesn't natively support SMB shares, because apparently they aren't real and don't fucking exist. Now to be clear, most file managers do actually support SMB, the problem here is that those are often shit, and only supported in the actual file manager itself. If you wanted to per se, mount a samba share on android on the FS level, it is either impossible, or REQUIRES ROOT ACCESS.
Man it's a good thing rooting is easy, and not super convoluted, or risks bricking your phone in the event that it's designed like utter shit and cannot recover from being flashed incorrectly. (to be clear, i don't know shit about rooting, because it's a fucking disaster, and i might be misrepresenting it here, but only rooting, everything else is accurate)
so basically, cool story, the only option here that you have is using apps that are specifically designed to implement their own file transfer functionalities and protocols. There is one redeeming factor to this, and it's the fact that rsync exists, and that it isn't shit, but rsync isn't samba, so eat shit android. Rest in piss you disaster of an OS.