We can do all three things at once

The problems with nuclear power aren't meltdowns, but the facts that it often takes decades just to construct a new plant, it creates an enormous carbon footprint before you get it running, it has an enormously resource-intensive fuel production process, it contributes to nuclear proliferation, it creates indefinitely harmful waste, and even if we get past all of that and do expand it, that's just going to deplete remaining fuel sources faster, of which we only have so many decades left.

It's not a good long term solution. I agree we should keep working plants running, but we can't do that forever, and we still need renewable alternatives - wind, hydro and solar.

And it wasn't some nebulous group of NIMBYs that worked against nuclear power, it was the fossil fuel lobby. I don't know why people keep jumping to cultural explanations for what is clearly a structural issue. The problem isn't some public perception issue, but political will, and that tends to be bought by the fossil fuel lobby.

Also there is good science on why we actually can switch to entirely renewables: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/23/no-miracles-needed-prof-mark-jacobson-on-how-wind-sun-and-water-can-power-the-world

Thank you for providing a bigger picture
Re: Remaining fuel.
If we built breeder reactors we could use the spent waste fuel to power the entire US for 1000 years. That runs into plutonium existence problems, but it's a political problem, not a resource problem.
However, I still agree with what you've said. We should limit our nuclear footprint to key isotope production, but we really shouldn't be doing that until we've gone full carbon neutral.
Edit: In case you can't see the reply to this comment, my conversation partner has given me more information I didn't have before. Breeder reactors are neat, but they have more issues than I originally knew. (Still a badass concept though :P) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2968/066003007
- The important part here is "if we built". If we built a net-gain fusion reactor our energy problems would be solved too, but we're not doing that.
  There are significant problems with breeder reactors and development has largely stopped on them.
  The problem here is the AM/FM distinction: Actual Machines vs Fucking Magic.
  Fucking Magic is great if you're writing scifi, or trying to sell snake oil to investors. The Hyperloop and FSD are examples of Fucking Magic. Sure, they could, in theory, exist, but they don't, and we don't know how long they would take or even if they make sense in the long term.
  There's nothing wrong with working on new technologies that may as well be Fucking Magic until they do become viable.
  However, if you are making plans for how to proceed with your policy goals, you need Actual Machines. Actual Machines can't do miracles and fix all of our problems overnight like Fucking Magic can, but they have the benefit of existing. We know their actual benefits and their actual drawbacks. We know that they won't present some brand new problem that makes them impossible to work with, because they are mature. Trains and bicycles are Actual Machines. Wind, solar and hydro power are Actual Machines.
  Cars are also Actual Machines, and thanks to over a century of maturity, we can confidently say that they are not sustainable at their current scale. Nuclear fission is similar.
  We don't know if Fucking Magic will make the transition to an Actual Machine, and if it does, whether it will turn out to be viable.
  If breeder reactors are going to become a technology we can rely on to solve our nuclear fuel and waste issues, then they need to make the transition from Fucking Magic to Actual Machines to finally being viable, and that could take decades or more of further research, and yet more decades to actually build the things. Sure, that could come in time to extend our nuclear fuel reserves before they run out in around a century, but it might not. We just don't know. It certainly won't come in time to make a difference to climate change.
  
  That link you shared does a much better job of not implying the reader is an idiot.
  
  I wasn't trying to insult you, I am honestly just angry at how our society has poisoned everyone's thinking into this bizarre quasi-religious faith in technological miracles so it can sell them fantasies, and I think the Actual Machines / Fucking Magic distinction is an entertaining way of making the absurdity of it very clear.
  
  No worries, it was a good link. I was under the impression that the main obstacle to breeder reactors was political.
  
  Thanks, I could've worded it less like I was calling you dimb, sorry about that.
  Edit: i misspelled the word "dumb" apparently
While those are all fair points, it’s also important to note that Gen IV reactor technology has projected generation efficiencies of very roughly 100-300x the energy yield from an identical mass of fissile material when compared to Gen II and Gen III reactors. I dare say that would change the efficiency equation rather significantly if those numbers pan out in the implementation stage.

I don't think nuclear power was killed by NIMBYs, at least not entirely. In the 1970s and 80s the financial world started taking a much more short-term view. Nuclear power plants have such a huge up-front cost that you aren't going to see returns for decades. When the market wants numbers to go up every quarter they're not going to finance something that won't make a profit for 20 years.

That's why we have governments though, for the long time low return infrastructure, like power grids.
Somehow we are willing to spend billions yearly on new roads but can't be assed to build a new nuke plant once a decade to grow power production.
If only it were as exciting as the shitty startups that sell for millions a few years after being founded despite never making any profit...

Suspect a lot of those NIMBYs were led by fossil fuel producers in a NIMBY hat...

I just don't get why they can close down nuclear power plants while still keeping coal power plants open. Coal is so much worse.

The problem with nuclear is it gives fossil fuel giants a free pass to try speedrun killing the planet before it even arrives.

If we plan for nuclear, we plan to do nothing for 50 years.

I haven't the slightest idea what you're talking about. Nuclear displaces fossil fuels at a better rate than renewables and is just as low carbon impact as them. We could replace the entire fossil grid with nuclear in 10 years if there was public support and demand for it, but fossil giants have been parroting the same antinuclear myths and fears dor the last 70 years and its so widely spread even pro renewable people have been deluded into thinking nuclear is bad for the planet when it might very well be our last best hope of fixing greenhouse emissions without the entire world reverting to pre industrial lifestyles.
- I wish i could send you a beer
- I think nuclear and fossil fuel people all the same people. Its all energy investors. Nuclear would come with a lifetime storage contract with the ability to continually jack up the public cost indefinitely as the requirements change. Seems like an industry that would appeal to the fossils fuel types.
- Nope, we will be burning the fossil fuels the whole time the nuclear plant is being built.
  That's why fossil fuel giants and right wingers are banking on nuclear, because it'll be a free pass to burn burn burn.
  
  Nuclear plants wouldn't take so long to build if people stopped trying to sue and protest their construction and sabotage it with all the red tape. If permits were approved and certified tomorrow a new plant could be operational in 10 years. 5 if it was actually funded and supported. Building the plant is easy, its cuttinf through the red tape encouraged by the oil lobby that is takes decades
  
  red tape
  Hey, those are the safety standards!

I don't understand why individuals are so set on centralized generation. We suddenly have the capabilities to decentralize generation and greatly reduce the need for the grid. I think it is worth it for the aesthetic advantages alone.

My opinion is that to be truly decentralized we should do both. Not just physically decentralize by location, but decentralized in a sense of having multiple options. We should do solar, and wind, and nuclear power. The power output of solar and wind is just not where it needs to be to replace both nuclear and fossil fuels, so I do have to argue in favor of building more nuclear power, but that doesn’t mean I am against building any other renewables as well.

The number of people who still think nuclear power is a manageable risk in any capacity is really depressing. We still have no idea what to do with all the nuclear waste we're creating even now. And that's not even considering the impact of having a nuclear plant when you're in a war.

the impact of having a nuclear plant when you’re in a war
Ukraine seems to be fine, beyond Russians digging up their own fuck up dirt from the past to dig trenches
- "Ukraine seems to be fine" is an odd thing to say considering what is going on there in general, but to your point, we can be glad that the fighting around Chernobyl did not do more damage. There's also a difference in strategy when a country attacks their neighbour to annex their land. If they instead want to mess with a country further away, they can just drop some bombs on their nuclear plants and see what happens.
The vast majority of "nuclear waste" is just common items that have come into contact with radiation. The really radioactive portions can be, and are safely stored within the facilities themselves.
Sure, the barely radioactive waste components do need to be buried (or it seems like that's the current trend), but they pose no risk to anyone as long as they're not digging them up.
- And for how long to they have to be "safely stored"? For how long do they have to be buried without anyone digging them up? And where are we burying anyway where there is no risk of anyone digging them up intentionally or accidentally, no risk of natural phenomena interfering, no risk of the barrels breaking and nuclear waste seeping into our water? There is a reason why countries have been struggling to find these safe storage spaces for decades. I'd argue that is because there aren't any.
  
  The architecture of the housing facilities is quite an interesting thing to look into. They're pretty safe, other than like catastrophic tectonic activity as far as I know.
  I think the more interesting part is the labelling of those sites. Well, the potential ideas to mark these areas as dangerous to dig/disturb. What I've seen is that it's trying to mark them for the far future so that even if you don't know the language, it's (hopefully) obvious.
  https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_nuclear_waste_warning_messages
  
  Just because you NIMBYs are not smart enough to figure out a solution does not mean its impossible.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_drillhole_disposal
  
  Reaching for an unproven concept of "drilling really deep holes" that's barely a few years old to convince people there is no problem with long-term storage of dangerous waste we've been accumulating for decades, but sure, I'm just a NIMBY.
  
  Drilling deep holes is a great concept for geothermal energy. One might even forego the nuclear reactor part then and just do geothermal.
  
  I'm glad you took the time to completely not read the article that I sent you. I know you didn't read it because if you had read it, you would see that we have discovered several times over the past few billion years that nature had made its own deposits of nuclear material in the same manner as we are advising the waste to be deposited in. It's not new science. We have evidence of it occurring naturally multiple times and no issues from that. No spread of radiation from that. No inundation of groundwater from that. But yes you're correct and all the nuclear scientists are wrong clearly.
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_drillhole_disposal
  Next time you find a term you don't understand. Try clicking on the hyperlink.
  https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_geological_repository
  
  Whether it would work or not wasn't even the main point of what I said. But that doesn't matter to you anyway as your strategy to debate seems to be to call others stupid often enough until everyone else understands how smart you are. Good luck with that.
  
  if someone gives you cited information and you refuse to read the cited information, then You're not stupid. You're willfully ignorant which is far worse. It's not dangerous waste if it's properly handled and treated and disposed of.
The entire French nation begs to differ. Look at that map! Power generation alllll over the country, not tucked in an unpopulated area or clustered in one spot ‘just in case’.
Then look across the border at Germany. The CND and Greens did a number on then generations ago, and Russia has kept up the fear over nuclear so they were able to keep Germany dependent on Gazprom. Until Ukraine.
- The article says nothing about waste.
  Russia is the biggest exporter of Uranium.
  I have no idea what the CND in Germany is supposed to be and neither has Google.
  France had to repeatedly power down nuclear plants and buy electricity from neighbours because they couldn't cool their plants. Because there was so much drought in Europe there wasn't enough water. A phenomenon that will surely never happen again in Western Europe in the next couple of decades.
  
  This is the other issue about thermal plants including coal, natural gas, concentrated solar power (CSP), and nuclear: water cooling.
  All of these plants boil water to pass over a turbine and crank a generator, but that steam needs to be cooled so it condenses and makes a closed loop. You need cooling water to do this, and a lot of it.
  If water is becoming scarce, and we have other needs for it like residential or agricultural uses, then that can greatly impact thermal generators, leading to outages like you say if cooling can't be done.
  Chris Nelder with the Rocky Mountain Institute has a good podcast episode on this on his The Energy Transition Show podcast. Check it out!
- France has not been at war since they started building nuclear plants and has no solid plan for dealing with nuclear waste either from what I can tell.
- France comes begging across the border for coal and gas electricity in hot summers when their reactors have to lower output because river water for cooling is too hot. Then they pat themselves on the back because the CO2 is not generated within their borders.
Why aren't Hiroshima, Nagasaki or Chernobyl nuclear wastelands?

Please provide valid sources to back up your comment. Thanks.

I'll be a source. I worked at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant in MD for over 10 years. Because of the trend of shutting down nuclear, I shifted over to operating a combined cycle power plant. Calvert with 2 units did about 1800MW combined, base loaded 24/7 except for outages, and those were staggered so that when one went down for maintenance and refueling, the other unit was still throwing 900MW to the grid. My current plant has 2 gas engine turbines and 1 STG, and on a good day when we're fully up 2x1 with ducts in, we can hit about 800MW when it's called for. Balls to the wall in perfect conditions on a plant that's not even ten years old, we can't do half of what Calvert was doing and they've been operating since the 70s.
Imagine what modern nuclear tech could do. We should've been a step ahead of everybody with this.
- Do you have any opinions on light water SMR designs? Do you think the idea to mass produce them and distribute these smaller reactors on a local basis is feasible, or do you think if they are mass produced we would be more likely to see them clustered in series in more modern plants?
  
  Idk much about that in particular but I can speculate based on what I know about the power industry and business in general. I think larger modular clusters (10-30) would be more common just because of the infrastructure needed. Sure, we might see instances of 1-3 units here and there, but I imagine that if a company is already going to the trouble of buying a plot of land and building a switchyard, getting water access and RO-EDI tech for it, cooling water of whatever type, n+1 redundancy on all equipment, radioactive waste management including on-site storage of spent fuel, etc while also welcoming the NRC and FERC and whoever else to scrutinize, it makes the most sense to have several units making ~~money~~ power. Like anything else, upping the scale makes the cost per instance go down. Nuclear in the US has a fuckload of red tape and permitting and oversight that cost a lot of money to stay on top of. There could be good applications for small clusters like closer to urban, more densely populated areas where land is expensive and the power needs are the immediate vicinity. Or in developing areas that don't have much power demand, at least not yet. There's no good reason why a small cluster couldn't replace the remaining coal plants. It's also completely feasible to throw some up at military bases or large university campuses for training and their own power needs. Big power will want to squeeze as many into as small of a space with as little maintenance requirement as they can get away with because everything they do is in the name of maximizing profits for shareholders. But for nationalized power like in France, it kinda doesn't make sense to build anything else right now.
  Maybe the best part of SMR tech as I understand it is that somebody could get the land and permits and infrastructure set up for the end goal but just build a small percentage of the reactors at first, and then scale up later. This is cheaper to start, faster to build, and is a perfect proof of concept strategy to get investors excited at funding the bulk of the project.
  
  Thanks for your insight
- Thanks for this. I did ask OP for sources, in other words links to verifiable data to back up the assertion that:
  "Has anyone who wants to “go green” without nuclear ever looked at the power output of these things?? It’s not even the same league! AaagggghHhHhhhhhhhh"
  
  The data is widely available and easy to find.
  It's the difference between spending 0 seconds looking it up and wanting "a source", versus actually looking it up and not finding anything, then asking where the info comes from.
  Asking for a source just to ask for a source is called sealioning.
  
  Asking for a source just to ask for a source is called sealioning.
  Good grief, no.
  I read so much absolute bullshit around nuclear and renewables where people just write out their feelings on the subject. Asking for sources to back up their claims isn't sealioning, it's a polite way of asking someone to try and back up their claims with facts.
  In this instance, OP said, "Has anyone who wants to “go green” without nuclear ever looked at the power output of these things?? It’s not even the same league! AaagggghHhHhhhhhhhh"
  I want to know what they're talking about. If they're saying 1 solar panel or wind turbine has a smaller output than a nuclear plant then ... well yeah, that's obvious. If they're saying renewables won't work without nuclear then that's a straight up lie and I'd like them to post sources to back up that assertion.
  
  Here are the claims he made:
  We could have had an unrivaled nuclear power infrastructure but those NIMBY assholes stopped it 50 years ago
  now we rely on extending existing plants past their lifetimes
  Running in fucking circles about how to save the planet.
  Has anyone who wants to “go green” without nuclear ever looked at the power output of these things?? It’s not even the same league
  So which part do you know to be false, that you couldn't easily look up and had to ask him where he got this obscure info? Which part do you want him to source? All of it? Even the part where we are running in circles fixing climate change? Or is it the part where current plants are being showered in money to make up for extended lifetimes?
  Right, you were just sealioning.
  
  So which part do you know to be false,
  Re-read what I wrote, I was quite clear although I edited my post a minute after submitting so maybe you missed it.
  You can claim I'm sealioning all you want, anyone with a functioning brain can see I'm not.
  
  I don't need to reread what you wrote, im not the one making the claims!
  What you actually said to buddy was:
  Please provide valid sources to back up your comment. Thanks.
  That message is the one you might want to edit instead of arguing with me it's not sealioning.
  
  I don’t need to reread what you wrote
  Cool. We're done here.
  
  Please provide valid sources to back up your comment. Thanks.
  
  https://www.opg.com/power-generation/our-power/
  Fuck you
  OPG manages power production for all of Ontario, with 2 nuke plants putting out over 3 GW each, for a total of ~6.5GW, OPG generates about 18-19GW so 30% is covered by two plants
  The majority of the remainder is hydro across 66 fucking plants. And nothing else comes even close in output
  And these are CANDU reactors, they don't require refined uranium, and don't contribute to proliferation like other plants, they also don't meltdown explosively since boiling the coolant reduces the nuclear reaction rate.
  
  So this kind of got lost in the weeds, and I see the argument below. The real reason I wont provide sources is partly because it is very easy to look up, and the reality is I could write a thesis with a ton of fucking sources and never cover it all. Typically, in an actual scientific debate, the onus is on you to provide a source which debunks my claims. However, I can give a short summary with some general, but verifiable numbers. I did a quick search for all of this, and most of it is on wikipedia with sources listed.
  The average American nuclear power plant provides about 800-1000MW of energy, and has a life time of about 35-40 years. The US has 88 of them, most of which have been running since the 70s. Their age means many should be considered for decommissioning soon, but since we haven’t been building new ones to replace them the old ones continue to be serviced while we seek alternatives.
  America’s largest solar farm produces ~350MW, which is less than half of a nuclear plant. That’s actually pretty decent, but this is the high end of the scale for solar, and this output is only achievable in perfect conditions (weather, daytime, location). At night it produces nothing. So the major problem many solar / wind enthusiasts ignore when discussing this is what happens then? How do we store enough power to sustain a city, or something larger, through every night? Those mighty big batteries aren’t eco friendly either, since at the moment our best option is lithium. That may change soon but we can’t really move on maybe.
  My point to start with was that we should have never stopped building nuclear - we could have pushed fossil fuel out ages ago, but lobbyists really fucked that. Solar is great, but we need like 200 more of those major solar farms and an absolute fuckload of massive batteries, and the logistics of that is a nightmare that is unlikely to see fruition in time. It will be a long time before we have enough solar / wind to do more than supplement our power grid. We should keep building it in the meantime, but it is also a slow process, much like building nearly any large scale power generation.
  To be clear, I am in favor of both. Nuclear should have always been the back bone of our power grid. Solar should be coming online as supplementary power supply allowing us to decentralize and support the transition to greener tech. This is not an either/or situation - we really need both, or fossil fuels will royally fuck our planet first. Maybe someday we will be efficient enough to go all solar, but expecting it to replace fossil fuels AND nuclear in the near future is just unrealistic idealism. We will die before hitting such ideal goals - in the meantime we must compromise.