Dogs are red-green color blind. They see a brighter and less detailed world when compared to humans. Peripheral vision is better than humans (dogs see more of the world), but distance is not judged quite as well. Dogs excel at night vision and the detection of moving objects. Figure 1 is a rough guesstimate of what a dog and human might see when viewing a color band (the electromagnetic spectrum).
All dogs are colorblind. they only have 2 types of cones so they can differentiate blue and yellow but still would potentially struggle with stuff like light blue vs dark blue. red, orange, green aren’t visible to them at all. It’s similar to red green colorblindness in humans but not exactly. They have much stronger low light and peripheral vision though
Correct, calling them colorblind is a misnomer. Most insects also can’t see red though. They can see ultraviolet spectrum which is pretty cool
Trichromatic vision is primates (humans, apes, monkeys, lemurs) giving red and green
Birds, reptiles, fish, crustaceans often have tetrachromatic vision which gives more vibrancy to color. Some of these can also see the uv spectrum too
Fun fact: there are some people who have tetrachromatic vision. It’s a genetic mutation on the X chromosome so those born with 2 X chromosomes are far more likely to have it (~15% vs ~8% for xy). just having the mutation doesn’t mean you’ll have functioning 4th cone cells though. And it’s one of those “you were born this way so functionally you will always have seen the world this way” kind of things
Dogs cant differentiate red and green because they only have two types of color receptors (cones). Theyd percieve it similar to someone who is red-green colorblind.