It's easy, you just need a big antenna, low noise receiver (just cool it) for low bandwidth (keeps noise power low) and no interferers in the same frequency band.
Omnidirectional antennas attempt to radiate equally horizontally. An isotropic antenna radiates equally in all directions but is only theoretical. All antennas have some gain.
That's fair, though I think we also should thank the use of Travelling Wave Tubes (TWTs or 'twits'). These little tubes of witchcraft amplify the transmission signal to make sure we can still hear, say, the Voyager 1 that's currently over 15-billion miles away.