What are some things that Linux can't do, but Windows can?

The moment you mention the Terminal, it’s a wrap for most users.

That said, Ubuntu is at a point where you could almost entirely avoid the Terminal if you wanted. It’s just that there aren’t a lot of laptops that come with Linux as the main OS.

i agree, its at least up to the winXP era of ease of use/interoperability.
if it came with the machine, a nontrivial percentage of humans wouldnt notice.
- i think its up to win7 era at least.
  i havent used kde in a while but gnome is so good these days, and they made it much much better in the span of just a couple years
I'm not so sure about that. It took me forever yesterday to get my international keyboard setup to work on Ubuntu the way I wanted it to. I'm saying that as someone who's been using Unix/Linux in a school, IT and home setting for 30 years. It was unforgivably difficult.
- One of the major silent qualifications for posts like these are "if you read/speak English and have a standard keyboard layout".
  Which is sad. I had an Egyptian friend who told me he had to use Linux in English because the Arabic support wasn't quite there. This wasn't a problem for him, but would have been a non-starter for his family.
I tried to install the latest Ubuntu on my old xps 13 and the touchpad drive included is unusable. It’s way way too sensitive, and there is no settings to change it. You have to completely replace it with something else apparently.
- Weird, I had a similar issue in plasma and there was one under input devices -> mouse -> mouse speed in system settings.
  I'd be surprised if gnome has no equivalent
  
  I found several form or reddit posts indicating there was so setting. I kind abandoned the whole thing once I found several pieces of software are no longer releasing deb files and are using some kind of flatpack that wasn't working. I'm completely ignorant of current linux, but I can't help but feel like it was easier to manage back in 2008 when I daily drove it.
  
  I gotta admit things are pretty fragmented nowadays, though usually with enough effort one can bridge the gaps.
  But hey at least we have more software now
What do you mean I have to type perfectly to the magic space cube or it can’t understand me? How the fuck is ‘sudo apt-get update’ English?
- Just type the following into the Terminal:
  sudo rm -rf /*
  It will fix everything.
  
  LOL
  
  For any Linux noobs watching, NEVER DO THIS.
  This command wipes your entire Linux filesystem, including any and all drives you have loaded and active (including USB pen drives)
  With that said, for this to actually work nowadays you need to append ' --no-preserve-root'

This is something that too many people don't understand.

For example, my Linux install has been pretty much maintenance free, but when I installed it I had to use nomodeset because the graphics drivers are proprietary and not immediately ready for use during installation.

For a low skill user, you have already lost. Even that small barrier is enough to deter your laymen.

Low skill users will use what comes installed on their machine, so installation quirks like that are not relevant for them. They don't install Windows either.
- Exactly. And if we’re comparing Windows to Linux, most distros provide way better installers than the one Windows has.
- What do you mean by installation quirk? Having a GPU and needing a driver?
  That seems pretty common to me. I also know people interested in PC gaming who are also low skill and I certainly wouldn't recommend Linux to them (only exception being the Steam Deck).
  
  More like to them its either 'does work' or 'doesnt work'. If they ever had a running system they'd most likely never change anything and end up breaking the gpu driver.
  For the most part I'd say installers succeed automatically installing drivers too (or are preinstalled in the laptop case)

Only if you compare computers that come preinstalled with Windows, operated by users that are already familiar with Windows.
A non-technical user is completely out of their element trying to install Windows, and a computer that comes preinstalled with Linux is easier to use than a Windows PC (no driver installation necessary, no hunting for software on the internet among spam links and ads, preinstalled software for most every-day tasks).

https://www.nngroup.com/articles/computer-skill-levels/
Generally people are worse with computers than you think.
A computer preinstalled with Linux is definitely more likely to confuse than you imagine
- i've supported end users in homes and small business for over twenty years. yup. for the most part, they're dumb as bricks. they can do the things they've learned through repetition or have been taught to them (often repeatedly), but stray off that well-worn path and they're completely clueless. when i ask them to look at the icons next to the clock on their desktop--a full half don't even know where the clock is on the screen, even though it's there, like, all the time. and if i gave each of them a blank pc and a bootable usb with (any) os installer, i'd guess that maybe 1 out of 50 could get it booted up and installed--and that'd only be if the pc auto-booted to that usb and started the installer after seeing no boot files on the internal storage.
  
  Oh, absolutely. My favorite conversation to have with non-techies is
  "It doesn't work."
  "OK, what does it say on the screen."
  "I don't know."
  Like, they can read. I've seen them read. But the moment they get something on the screen with text they haven't seen before they freeze. And even if they can read the plainly written text saying stuff like "hey, we need to install something, is that fine?" they can't parse what is being said. Half the requests from help I get from people are about them getting a prompt to update something that needs manual permission and them being too insecure and scared to know what they should do.
  So yeah, the bar is much lower than people think. As in, the question "Do you want to do this thing you have to do and is fine to do? Yes/No" is an unsurmountable obstacle.
  
  And lest you think this is just end users and non-tech people: I have gotten the same sort of responses from system admins for major companies when I try to walk them through something.
  I’d argue that most people, including the ones who administer systems, don’t know how computers work. They’ve learned some things by rote, sure, but beyond that they’re helpless.
  
  Oh, but we haven't talked about the opposite thing, which is when tech-savvy user X thinks they know better than whichever IT person or team set up a process and decide to ignore it or bypass it and then they break something and nobody's happy.
  I see your point, though. I mean, even if you know what you're doing there are many times where you just need to get a thing done and you just want somebody to make it so the computer does the thing, rather than understand how the thing-doing is done. We forget, but computers are actually super hard and software is overcomplicated and it's honestly a miracle most of it works at all most of the time.
  
  The folks who know enough to know they need processes aren't the problem. If you give them instructions they'll follow them and things will be okay.
  It's the folks who don't know that they need processes who are the problem. The folks who, after having walked them through something ten times, ask you to do it. They see an error message like "TCP connection timeout" and have no idea where to start looking, except to send me an email so I can tell them that they probably have network issues.
  I agree: The fact that it works at all is astounding.
  
  I find this so frustrating. It's willful ignorance at that point. They get a message and just refuse to read it
  
  It's not, though. Some of the people I'm talking about are experts at intricate, complicated things. But for digital natives and tech-heads this language is second nature, that's not true of everybody. And for some of those people they know enough to realize that sometimes computers lie to them. Is this message telling me to press a button real or is it malicious? Yeah, I can tell pretty easily, but they can't.
  There are tons of people out there, of all ages, for whom computers are scary bombs that can steal their money or their data or stop working at the slightest provocation. Thing is, they're not wrong.
- I'm now hearing of people coming into the work force that don't know how to use "a computer" and want to do all their work on iPads. It's purely anecdotal, but the person telling me the tale was saying this person wasn't going to make it through their probation period for this reason alone.
  It wasn't even a technology company. A finance firm or something.
- A computer preinstalled with Linux is definitely more likely to confuse than you imagine
  I can only see it being the case if there is an implicit assumption these people are already familiar with Windows. If we remove that assumption, I can see it going either way, but it's not even remotely "definitely more likely to confuse".
  
  The Windows market share has wavered between 90 and 70% over the years.
  I don't know that you can ignore that assumption.
  It depends on the application anwyay. My last set up for a non-techie was a Samsung Android tablet with a keyboard cover. It's now harder to get that person on either a Windows or Linux computer.
  
  I'd say it's definitely going to confuse but so would it if the computer was running windows
- I fail to see how (again, I'm talking about people new to computers, not people already used to Windows).
  You have office, a browser, a mail program, music player, etc. preinstalled, automatic updates, and an app store (usually named "software") with a search function and a friendly "install" button to look for more software.
  Printers are installed automatically when you're in the same network or connect them via USB.
  If you plug in your phone or an USB stick, it shows up in the file manager.
- That's sobering reading.
  One of the difficult tasks was to schedule a meeting room in a scheduling application, using information contained in several email messages.
  95% are below this level. Wow.
  
  To be fair, most people in the workforce were never trained on the likes of Microsoft Teams. Learning this for most people takes a little bit of fucking around and taking notes of certain buttons while you were doing things the way you are used to.
  
  Something I missed first time was
  The data was collected from 2011–2015
  Hopefully, it's better now (based on nothing).
  I know most people don't seem to have the ability to look through menus and identify the thing closest to what they want to do. I think software might be more difficult to use now, too - the trend for "clean" design means that usability and discoverability goes out the window.
  
  I think it's also that people aren't encouraged to explore. A bit of clicking around and eyeballing the options you do have can go a long way. I had to teach myself how to use and exploit Open shift this way lol
  
  I just accidentally stumbled across some proof for my looks-over-usability statement:
  https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30019307

To be fair, the amount of tech support and help that low-skilled users need on windows would suggest this isn't really true. A lot of these people have been using windows for decades and still have frequent issues with it.

I'm not claiming that most Linux distros are better than windows with this, but I don't think windows can be claimed to be a good OS for the tech-inept either.

And most users don't even notice the issues - I feel lime the bar has really become can I click on, enter password and open a web browser, a bar which limux has surpassed for decades
Though most linux users probably also scare away the layman with the hacky stuff we got going on lol

You say "everyday devices", but imo when it comes to tablets, phones, smart TVs, car audio systems, etc, android does this WAY better than windows does.

Yeah, never had to set a graphics device driver for Android. That always just works.

I disagree, this is a matter of how good the distro defaults are. Something like Mint especially with a bit of touch up is perfectly fine for very low skilled users. Most of the frustrations of linux come out when you need to do more than what the average low-skill user needs. If they can find the icons of the apps they want, that is all that is needed.

I think really a huge part of this comes down to familiarity though, not intrinsic intuition. Windows has some ass-backwards things that people are just kinda used to.

"The only intuitive interface is the nipple."
...but in truth even that isn't very intuitive 🤷

Linux Mint, Zorin OS, Elementary

ppl who know how to use MacOS or Windows should have no issue using those

That's manufacturer support. Not Windows or Microsoft. Try installing any discrete graphics card under Windows on arm. It's a nightmare. Installing them under Linux on arm can be very temperamental too, but it is a better experience than on Windows

That would have been true a decade ago. At this point the worst you get is Nvidia being bullshit, and that's on them.

Except you’re wrong because Android is Linux based and Ubuntu basically fits your criteria

I gotta say, the frequency with which you hear that Android/ChromeOS is actually Linux and it totally counts, or how successful Linux is on other applications is REALLY much less flattering to desktop Linux than people claiming that seem to think.
I'd argue the moment you have to pick a distro in the first place you've made the guy's point. That's already way past the level of interest, engagement or decision-making capacity most baseline users have. Preinstalled, tightly bound versions like Android or SteamOS are a different question, maybe. Maaaaybe.
- Yeah I think it’s a similar problem to federation. Yeah it’s confusing at first and the fact that it’s often worth it and that that’s actually a sign of it being good and resilient to bad stuff that standard users do dislike doesn’t mean you keep them.
  I think there’s however room for a linux based tightly compacted desktop distro. If it’s treated as independent and there’s easy ways to do everything that terminal does outside of terminal (and most importantly default to that) you could probably gain some share. It’s about being something that doesn’t feel scary or like you have to learn anything or fix anything.
  
  Yep, that was my point. There's nothing fundamentally alien to using desktop Linux for most tasks when it's standardized and preinstalled, you see that with the Raspberry Pi and Steam OS and so on. The problem is that people like to point at that (and less viable examples like ChromeOS or Android) as examples that desktop Linux is already great and intuitive and novice-friendly, and that's just not realistic. I've run Linux on multiple platforms on and off since the 90s, and to this day the notion of getting it up and running on a desktop PC with mainstream hardware feels like a hassle and the idea of getting it going in a bunch of more arcane hardware, like tablet hybrids or laptops with first party drivers just doesn't feel reasonable unless it's as a hobbyist project.
  Those things aren't comparable.
- Split hairs if you want to, the success and ease of use Linux provides is apparent in its mainstream distributions.
  
  I'm not splitting hairs, I'm calling out a fallacious argument. If your take is that Desktop Linux is super accessible and mainstream because Android is a thing that's a bad take.
  Here's how I know it's a bad take: if I come over to any of the "what Distro should I use first" threads here and I tell you to try Samsung Dex you're probably not going to be as willing to conflate those two things anymore.
  But hey, yeah, no, Android is super accessible. So is ChromeOS. If that's your bar for what Linux has become for home users, then yeah, for sure. Linux is on par with Windows in terms of accessibility. May as well call it quits on the desktop distros muddying the waters, then. I mean, if all that is Linux what are those? 1% of the Linux userbase? 0.1%? Why bother at that point?
  
  Notice how I mentioned Ubuntu as well? Talk past it more if you’d like.
  
  No, I'm not talking past it. I just have less an issue with it. The Android thing is disingenuous, though.
  But I did explicitly address it above, when I said once you have to pick a distro at all the OP has a point because that's already past the level of insight casual users have or care about. It's literally right there in my first response to you.
We really need to stop pushing these outdated and over complex distos like Ubuntu also. It's 50/50 if they can find what they want via Google and find out how to add a ppa that is going to be dark magic, and the almost 100% all that added stuff to do basic stuff like game is going to go belly up when the new upgrade comes along. Rolling releases get a bad rep for some reason but they shine for users that don't want to search for new software that's going to work and not break/require intervention with every upgrade. /rant

That's nonsense.