Given dogs' propensity for sniffing other animals' buttholes and piles of other animals' shit, do their noses and sinuses have specialised bacteria/antibodies that protect them infection?

I would probably get all kinds of diseases if I sniffed every bare asshole from every mammal I meet, humans included. I'd definitely get sick if I sniffed a dozen random turds a day. But dogs can do it without any apparent issues. Not only that, but they can do it across different species of animal, too.

What dark arts are afoot within the beak of the dog?